登入系統
0.前言
完成系統安裝之後,接下來就是準備登入系統。
當系統完成開機後,會出現類似的畫面
1.以root登入系統 (本機前操作)
請在login:符號後輸入 root 並按下enter鍵,作為登入的帳號。

然後緊接著會顯示出現這個畫面,最後以你的機器名稱加上一個#號結尾,
表示您已經成功登入(login)系統。

2.登出系統
請在 # 號後,輸入logout或exit表示離開。
當你完成登出,系統會顯示出login的畫面。
操作畫面:


Network Protocols
ipfw(4) rules now support comma-separated address lists (such as 1.2.3.4, 5.6.7.8/30, 9.10.11.12/22), and allow spaces after commas to make lists of addresses more readable.
ipfw(4)rules now support C++-style comments. Each comment is stored together with its rule and appears using the ipfw(8)show command.
ipfw(8)can now modify ipfw(4) rules in set 31, which was read-only and used for the default rules. They can be deleted by ipfw delete set 31 command but are not deleted by the ipfw flush command. This implements a flexible form of ``persistent rules''. More details can be found in ipfw(8)
中譯: ipfw 新增支援用逗點分隔位址;支援C++語法;及相關ipfw刪除功能.
Userland Changes
arp(8)now supports a -i option to limit the scope of the current operation to the ARP entries on a particular interface. This option applies to the display operations only. It should be useful on routers with numerous network interfaces.
中譯: arp 新增一個 -a 參數,用來限制某一特定介面的ARP運作範圍.
ipfw(8)list and show command now support ranges of rule numbers.
中譯: ipfw list及 show 命令支援ipfw規則編號範圍.
ipfw(8) now supports a -n flag to test the syntax of commands without actually changing anything.
中譯: ipfw 提供 -n 參數 在不變動任何狀況下,提供測試ipfw規則.
systat(1)now includes displays for IPv6 and ICMPv6 traffic.
中譯: systat 顯示包含 IPv6 和 ICMPv6 的流量
Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure
pkg_create(1)now supports a -C option, which allows packages to register a list of other packages with which they conflict. They will refuse to install (via pkg_add(1)) if one of the listed packages is already present. The -f flag to pkg_add(1) overrides this conflict-checking.
中譯:pkg_create 新支援 -C 參數,當登錄安裝軟體發生衝突時使用.
可以透過 pkg_add 的 -f 參數強制忽略衝突性的檢查.
Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD
If you're upgrading from a previous release of FreeBSD, you generally will have three options:
Using the binary upgrade option of sysinstall(8). This option is perhaps the quickest, although it presumes that your installation of FreeBSD uses no special compilation options.
Performing a complete reinstall of FreeBSD. Technically, this is not an upgrading method, and in any case is usually less convenient than a binary upgrade, in that it requires you to manually backup and restore the contents of /etc. However, it may be useful in cases where you want (or need) to change the partitioning of your disks.
From source code in /usr/src. This route is more flexible, but requires more disk space, time, and technical expertise. More information can be found in the ``Using make world'' section of the FreeBSD Handbook. Upgrading from very old versions of FreeBSD may be problematic; in cases like this, it is usually more effective to perform a binary upgrade or a complete reinstall.
中譯:若你想要從前一版本升級到4.9R,你可以有三種選擇.
1.透過 sysinstall 方式直接用binary升級.(沒有太多選擇設定,是最快的方式!!)
2.完全的重新安裝FreeBSD.技術上來說,這不能算是升級動作..你必須自行備份 /etc 下的檔案
不過,對於若要重新分割磁區來說,這是相當方便的.
3.透過 /usr/src 進行更新.這個步驟是很有彈性的,但是需要額外的硬碟空間及*技術經驗*.
從舊版本升級*可能*充滿問題,基本上來說,若要避免這個狀況,步驟1,2是比較有效率的.
Please read the INSTALL.TXT file for more information, preferably before beginning an upgrade. If you are upgrading from source, please be sure to read /usr/src/UPDATING as well.
中譯:在升級前請閱讀 INSTALL.TXT 及 /usr/src/UPDATING
Important: Upgrading FreeBSD should, of course, only be attempted after backing up all data and configuration files.
中譯:請務必注意,*在升級FreeBSD之前*,請務必備份*所有資料及相關設定檔*!!
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