4.10-RELEASE Release Notes

藍色泡泡 25 五月, 2004 16:29 ReleaseNote 靜態連結網址 引用 (0) 預覽列印
藍色泡泡 的 FreeBSD 4.10-Release Note

當然除了以下之外還有,有興趣請自行查閱,此為泡泡自行的註釋

網址:
http://www.freebsd.org/releases/4.10R/relnotes-i386.html

發布日期: 2004/05/22

Userland Changes
ifconfig(8) now supports a staticarp option for an interface, which disables the sending of
ARP requests for that interface.
中譯: ifconfig 新增 staticarp 參數,用來取消該介面送出ARP查詢.

ifconfig(8) now prints the polling(4) status on the interface.
中譯: ifconfig 新增 顯示介面的 polling 狀態

killall(1) now supports a -e flag to make the -u operate on effective, rather than real,
user IDs.
中譯: killall 新增 -e 參數,就如同先前-u參數一般,針對使用者來進行kill

The default mode for the lost+found directory of fsck(8) is now 0700 instead of 01777.
中譯: 預設的 lost+found 資料夾權限變更為 0700

makewhatis(1), formerly a Perl script, has been reimplemented in C.
中譯: makewhatis 更新whatis資料庫程式,由Perl變更為C語言編寫.

ps(1) compatibility with POSIX/SUSv3 has been improved.
The changes include -p for a list of process IDs, -t for a list of terminal names,
-A which is equivalent to -ax, -G for a list of group IDs, -X which is the opposite of -x,
and some minor improvements. For more information, see ps(1).
中譯: ps 新增 -p -a -g -x 等等參數

stat(1) from NetBSD, as of 5 June 2002 has, been imported.
中譯: 新增原屬NetBSD的stat指令.

which(1), formerly a Perl script, has been reimplemented in C.
中譯: which 由Perl變更為C語言編寫.

Contributed Software
BIND has been updated from version 8.3.4 to version 8.3.7.

OpenSSL has been updated from version 0.9.7c to version 0.9.7d.

sendmail has been updated from version 8.12.9 to version 8.12.11.
中譯:內建的版本BIND改為8.3.7 ,OpenSSL變為0.9.7d ,sendmail則為8.12.11版.

Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure
The SIZE attribute for distfiles, which can be used for checking file sizes before fetching,
has been added and enabled by default.

DISABLE_SIZE is a user control knob to disable the distfile size checking.
This is especially useful on old FreeBSD versions which didn't have fetch(1)
support for this,and for some FTP proxies which always report incorrect or bogus sizes.
中譯: SIZE 參數用來在取得檔案之前檢查檔案的大小.而DISABLE_SIZE則是用來管理是否開啟這項功能.

Two new files have been added to the ports tree to track note-worthy changes:
ports/CHANGES lists major changes to the Ports Collection and its infrastructure.
ports/UPDATING describes some potential pitfalls that can be encountered when
updating certain ports,
analogous to src/UPDATING for the base system.
中譯:新增 CHANGES 用來紀錄主要的變更及內容, UPDATING 則是用來紀錄某些潛在的升級陷阱.

Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD
If you're upgrading from a previous release of FreeBSD, you generally will have
three options:
Using the binary upgrade option of sysinstall(8). This option is perhaps the quickest,
although it presumes that your installation of FreeBSD uses no special compilation options.

Performing a complete reinstall of FreeBSD.
Technically, this is not an upgrading method, and in any case is usually less convenient
than a binary upgrade, in that it requires you to manually backup and
restore the contents of /etc.
However, it may be useful in cases where you want (or need) to change the partitioning of
your disks.

From source code in /usr/src. This route is more flexible, but requires more disk space,
time, and technical expertise.

More information can be found in the ``Using make world'' section of the FreeBSD Handbook.
Upgrading from very old versions of FreeBSD may be problematic; in cases like this,
it is usually more effective to perform a binary upgrade or a complete reinstall.
中譯:若要進行升級,同樣有三種選擇:
1.透過/stand/sysinstall 進行binary安裝,此方式最快,系統會認定你的沒有自己增加額外的特別設定.
2.重新安裝FreeBSD,這不能算是升級..= = 你必須手動備份/etc及相關資料.
3.用 /usr/src 進行upgrade. 請參閱 Handbook 中的 Using make world .

5.2-RELEASE Release Notes

藍色泡泡 09 元月, 2004 16:37 ReleaseNote 靜態連結網址 引用 (0) 預覽列印
藍色泡泡 的 FreeBSD 5.2-Release Note

當然除了以下之外還有,有興趣請自行查閱,此為泡泡自行的註釋

網址:
http://www.freebsd.org/releases/5.2R/relnotes-i386.html

發布日期: 2004/01/09

Userland Changes
acpiconf(8) now supports a -i option to print battery information.
中譯: acpiconf 新增 -i 參數,用以顯示電源相關資訊.

arp(8) now supports a -i option to limit the scope of the current operation to the
ARP entries on a particular interface. This option applies to the display operations only.
It should be useful on routers with numerous network interfaces. [MERGED]
中譯: arp 新增 -i 參數,用來指定某一特定的介面.(對router來說比較有用)

The atmconfig(8) program has been added for configuration of the ATM drivers and IP-over-ATM
functionality.
中譯: 新增 atmconifig 指令,用來設定ATM模式運作的設定檔.

chroot(8) now allows the optional setting of a user, primary group, or group list to use
inside the chroot environment via the -u, -g, and -G options respectively. [MERGED]
中譯: chroot 允許設定某一使用者(-u),私人群組(-g),或是某些群組(-G)為單位設定.

The default mode for the lost+found directory of fsck(8) is now 0700 instead of 01777. [MERGED]
中譯: 預設lost+found資料夾的 fsck 模式為 0700 而非 01777 .

fsck_ffs(8) and newfs(8) now create a .snap directory in the root directory of each filesystem,
with group operator. fsck_ffs(8),
中譯: fsck_ffs 和 newfs 會在每一個檔案系統的最頂端,建立 .snap 資料夾

mksnap_ffs(8), and dump(8) will write their filesystem snapshots to this directory.
This change avoids locking access to the root directory of a filesystem during snapshot
creation and also helps non-root users create snapshots.
中譯: mksnap_ffs 和 dump 會將她們檔案系統的snapshot 寫到此資料夾.

The ffsinfo(8) utility has been updated to understand UFS2 filesystems and has been re-enabled.
中譯: ffsinfo 更新為能夠了解UFS2檔案系統.

ifconfig(8) now supports a staticarp option for an interface, which disables the sending of
ARP requests for that interface.
中譯: ifconifig 新增 staticarp 參數,用來取消某一介面送出arp的request.

A fix in the initgroups(3) library function now causes logins to fail if the login process
is unable to successfully set the process credentials to include all groups defined for a user.
The current kernel limit is 16 groups; administrators may wish to check that users do not
have more than 16 groups defined, or they will be unable to log in.
中譯: initgrops 函式的修正造成login 程序無法正常判斷某一使用者的群組,
      會造成無法登入.目前kernel限制最多同時所屬16個群組,超過則會無法登入


The ipfw(8) list and show commands now support ranges of rule numbers. [MERGED]
中譯: ifpw 中的 list 和 show 參數 已經支援 規則的數字範圍.

ipfw(8) now supports a -n flag to test the syntax of commands without actually changing
anything. [MERGED]
中譯: ipfw 新增 -n 參數,用來測試規則,而不作任何變動.

kdump(1) now supports a -p option to display only the trace events corresponding to a
specific process, as well as a new -E flag to display timestamps relative to the
start of the dump.
中譯: kdump新增 -p 參數,用來追溯某一process的事件.

last(1) now supports a -n flag to limit the number of lines in its output report.
中譯: last 新增 -n 參數,用來限制輸出的行數.

The libcipher DES cryptography library has been removed. All of its functionality is
provided by the libcrypto library, and all base systems programs that used libcipher
have been converted to use libcrypto instead.
中譯: libcipher DES密碼學函式已經被移除,所有相關功能已被 libceypto 函式取代.

The locale(1) utility has been re-implemented and is now POSIX-compliant.
A new -m option shows all available codesets.
中譯: locale 新增 -m 參數,用來顯示所有可獲得資訊.

The mount(8) utility now supports to display the filesystem ID for each file system
in addition to the normal information when a -v flag is specified, and the umount(8)
utility now accepts the filesystem ID as well as the usual device and path names.
This allows to unambiguously specify which file system is to be unmounted even when
two or more file systems share the same device and mount point names.
中譯: mount 新增 -v 參數,用來顯示檔案分割區的檔案系統ID.

The mount_nwfs(8), mount_portalfs(8), and mount_smbfs(8) utilities have been moved
from /sbin to /usr/sbin.
中譯: 這些程式從 /sbin 搬移到 /usr/sbin .

The nologin(8) program has been reimplemented in C (it was formerly a shell script).
中譯: nologin程式重新以C改寫.(原先是shell script)

The rc.conf(5) variable ntpd_flags for ntpd(8) now includes -f /var/db/ntpd.drift by default.
中譯: rc.conf 關於ntpd部分,預設新增 -f /var/db/ntpd.drift .

ps(1) and top(1) now support a -H flag to display all kernel-visible threads in each process.
中譯: ps 和 top 新增 -H 參數,用來顯示每一程序中 kernel-visible threads .

repquota(8) now supports a -n flag to display users and groups numerically.
中譯: repquota 新增 -n 參數,用來以數字方式顯示使用者和群組.

savecore(8) now supports a -C flag that merely indicates the existence or absence
of a coredump file.
中譯: savecore 新增 -C 參數,用來決定是否保留coredump的檔案.

sysinstall(8) now gives the ability to select an alternate MTA during installation.
Currently, exim and Postfix are supported.
中譯: sysinstall 在安裝過程多了一個MTA選擇,目前除了sendmail 還有exim,Postfix.

sysinstall(8) no longer supports system ``security profiles''; this feature has been replaced by
individual tuning knobs to enable and disable sshd(8) and set the system securelevels.
中譯: sysinstall 不再有 security profiles 選項,取而代之的是 是否啟動sshd 及 設定系統安全層級.

systat(1) now includes displays for IPv6 and ICMPv6 traffic. [MERGED]
中譯: systat 新增顯示 IPv6 和 ICMPv6 的流量.

uname(1) now supports a -i flag to return the kernel identification.
This name is also available via the kern.ident sysctl variable.
中譯: uname 新增 -i 參數.用來恢復 kernel identification.
      也可以透過 sysctl 設定 kern.ident 取得


A number of utilities available in /bin and /sbin are now available as a statically-linked
``crunched'' binary that lives in /rescue. This functionality is similar to the
/stand directory installed by sysinstall(8),but /rescue includes more functionality and
is updated as part of buildworld/installworld operations.More details can be found in rescue(8).
中譯: 在 /bin /sbin 可以取得的程式, 現在在 /rescure 也可以取得部份.

Many executables in /bin and /sbin are now built using dynamic, rather than static linking.
This feature brings support for loadable PAM and NSS modules to base system utilities located
in those directories. It also reduces the storage requirements for the root filesystem due to
the use of shared libraries. This feature can be disabled in a buildworld by defining the
Makefile variable NO_DYNAMICROOT. Note that statically-linked, crunched executables are
available in the /rescue directory for use during system repair and recovery operations
中譯: 以前 /bin 和 /sbin 的執行程式是固定的,改為動態.此特點可以透過 bulidworld 時,
       定義 NO_DYNAMICROOT 取消.


Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD
Users with existing FreeBSD systems are highly encouraged to read the
``Early Adopter's Guide to FreeBSD 5.2-RELEASE''.This document generally has the filename
EARLY.TXT on the distribution media, or any other place that the release notes can be found.
It offers some notes on upgrading, but more importantly, also discusses some of the relative
merits of upgrading to FreeBSD 5.X versus running FreeBSD 4.X.
中譯:若要升級的話,以前版本的使用者請閱讀"Early Adopter's Guide to FreeBSD 5.2-RELEASE"文件.
          該文件提供一些在升級時所需要注意的地方.此外更重要的是....
          與其他成功升級4.x 到 5.x 的使用者請益.


Important: Upgrading FreeBSD should, of course, only be attempted after backing up all data and
configuration files.
中譯:請務必注意,*在升級FreeBSD之前*,請務必備份*所有資料及相關設定檔*!!

4.9-RELEASE Release Notes

藍色泡泡 28 十月, 2003 16:25 ReleaseNote 靜態連結網址 引用 (0) 預覽列印
藍色泡泡 的 FreeBSD 4.9-Release Note

當然除了以下之外還有,有興趣請自行查閱,此為泡泡自行的註釋 

網址:
http://www.freebsd.org/releases/4.9R/relnotes-i386.html
發布日期: 2003/10/28

Security Advisories

修正 FreeBSD-SA-03:07.sendmail  (也就是 sendmail 版本為 8.12.9 所以仍需要修補..^^") 等等錯誤.

Kernel Changes

Support for the Physical Address Extensions (PAE) capability on Intel Pentium Pro and higher processors has been added. This allows the use of up to 64GB of RAM in a machine, although the amount of memory usable by any single process (or the FreeBSD kernel) is unchanged. The pae(4) manual page has more details on this feature.
中譯:透過PAE Kernel參數 可以支援到 64GB 的RAM.

 

Network Protocols
ipfw(4) rules now support comma-separated address lists (such as 1.2.3.4, 5.6.7.8/30, 9.10.11.12/22), and allow spaces after commas to make lists of addresses more readable.

ipfw(4)rules now support C++-style comments. Each comment is stored together with its rule and appears using the ipfw(8)show command.

ipfw(8)can now modify ipfw(4) rules in set 31, which was read-only and used for the default rules. They can be deleted by ipfw delete set 31 command but are not deleted by the ipfw flush command. This implements a flexible form of ``persistent rules''. More details can be found in ipfw(8)
中譯: ipfw 新增支援用逗點分隔位址;支援C++語法;及相關ipfw刪除功能.

Userland Changes 
arp(8)now supports a -i option to limit the scope of the current operation to the ARP entries on a particular interface. This option applies to the display operations only. It should be useful on routers with numerous network interfaces.
中譯: arp 新增一個 -a 參數,用來限制某一特定介面的ARP運作範圍.

ipfw(8)list and show command now support ranges of rule numbers.
中譯: ipfw list及 show 命令支援ipfw規則編號範圍.

ipfw(8) now supports a -n flag to test the syntax of commands without actually changing anything.
中譯: ipfw 提供 -n 參數 在不變動任何狀況下,提供測試ipfw規則.

systat(1)
now includes displays for IPv6 and ICMPv6 traffic.
中譯: systat 顯示包含 IPv6 和 ICMPv6 的流量

Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure
pkg_create(1)now supports a -C option, which allows packages to register a list of other packages with which they conflict. They will refuse to install (via pkg_add(1)) if one of the listed packages is already present. The -f flag to pkg_add(1) overrides this conflict-checking.
中譯:pkg_create 新支援 -C 參數,當登錄安裝軟體發生衝突時使用.
         可以透過 pkg_add 的 -f 參數強制忽略衝突性的檢查.

Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD
If you're upgrading from a previous release of FreeBSD, you generally will have three options:

Using the binary upgrade option of sysinstall(8). This option is perhaps the quickest, although it presumes that your installation of FreeBSD uses no special compilation options.

Performing a complete reinstall of FreeBSD. Technically, this is not an upgrading method, and in any case is usually less convenient than a binary upgrade, in that it requires you to manually backup and restore the contents of /etc. However, it may be useful in cases where you want (or need) to change the partitioning of your disks.

From source code in /usr/src. This route is more flexible, but requires more disk space, time, and technical expertise. More information can be found in the ``Using make world'' section of the FreeBSD Handbook. Upgrading from very old versions of FreeBSD may be problematic; in cases like this, it is usually more effective to perform a binary upgrade or a complete reinstall.
中譯:若你想要從前一版本升級到4.9R,你可以有三種選擇.
  1.透過 sysinstall 方式直接用binary升級.(沒有太多選擇設定,是最快的方式!!)
  2.完全的重新安裝FreeBSD.技術上來說,這不能算是升級動作..你必須自行備份 /etc 下的檔案
    不過,對於若要重新分割磁區來說,這是相當方便的.
  3.透過 /usr/src 進行更新.這個步驟是很有彈性的,但是需要額外的硬碟空間及*技術經驗*.
    從舊版本升級*可能*充滿問題,基本上來說,若要避免這個狀況,步驟1,2是比較有效率的.

Please read the INSTALL.TXT file for more information, preferably before beginning an upgrade. If you are upgrading from source, please be sure to read /usr/src/UPDATING as well.
中譯:在升級前請閱讀 INSTALL.TXT 及 /usr/src/UPDATING

Important: Upgrading FreeBSD should, of course, only be attempted after backing up all data and configuration files.
中譯:請務必注意,*在升級FreeBSD之前*,請務必備份*所有資料及相關設定檔*!!


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